Improvement in lamps



G. W.- MITCHELL.

Lamp. No. 51,852. Patented Jany 2, 1866.

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GEORGE W. MITCHELL, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

IMPROVEMENT IN LAMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 5 l ,852, dated January2,1866.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE W. MITCHELL, of the city and county of St.Louis, and State of Missouri, have invented a new and useful Improvementin Lamps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the nature, construction, and operation of thesame, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, which are madepart of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical centralsection of a lamp illustrating Iny improvement. Fig. 2 is a horizontalsection of the same, the red lines :0 m, Fig. 1, indicating the plane ofsection.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the twofigures.

municates with the burner through a pipe or tube. An adjustable faucetor cock is employed within the reservoir to graduate the flow of oil tothe burner. The face of the reservoir which is presented toward theburner is made to constitute a reflectingsurface. The burner is soconstructed that the oil, on issuing from the supply-pipe, is receivedinto a continuous space, which flares outward, in order to give thedesired volume to the flame. In order that others skilled in the art towhich myinvention appertains may be enabled to fully understand and usethe same, I will proceed to describe it in detail in connection with theaccompanying drawings.

A represents an oil-reservoir supported at a proper height upon thepedestal B. This reservoir is filled through an opening at the top,which is closed by the plug 0, to which is attached one end of a rod, D.The lower end of the rod D carries a cock or plug, E, which sits withina corresponding seat in the boss or projection A rising from the bottomof the reservoir A, on the interior of the latter. In the plug E is avertical aperture, 6, which communicates with a groove, 6, diminishingin size and capacity as it approaches its terminus, as clearlyrepresented in Fig. 2. The groove 6 communicates with the interior ofthe reservoirA through the aperture a. Through the aperture a and groove6 the oil flows from the reservoir into the aperture 0 of the plug E,whence it passes into the tube F, in which it is carried by the pressureof the main body of the oil to the burner G G.

That portion of the burner designated by G may be simply an oblong cup,secured to the top of the vertical portion of the tube F, and flaringoutward at its sides and ends. In the cup G is placed the deflector G,which corre sponds in shape to the cup G, and is sufliciently smallerthan the latter to leave between the cup and deflector a space, 9. Iprefer to arrange the tube F in such relation to the reservoir A thatthe oil shall be forced no higher than the top of the tube F, so that itshall rise within the space g by capillary attraction, and thus supplythe flame with a limited quantity, the better to insure a steadycombustion and a brilliant flame. The bottom of the deflector is open toallow the oil to pass up its inner as well as its outer surface bycapillary attraction, which improves the flame, by supplying thekerosene to both sides thereof, as will be readily understood.

H represents a tube surrounding the vertical portion of the tube F, andsurrounded by another tube, H. The tubes H H are perforated at hat asuitable point below the burner, and air from the outside enters thespace h and supplies the flame. Air also passes within the tube H, andso reaches the flame at a point more strictly beneath or under thelatter, which is thus prevented from being depressed in consequence ofany vacuum or partial vacuum that might be formed below it.

J may represent a shade or shield supported upon a collar, J, which isprovided with the necessary devices for keeping the shade in place. Acommon lamp-chimney may be used instead of or in addition to the shade,if desired.

The plug 0 is provided with a square socket, which fits over the squareend of the rod D. Hence by turning the plug 0 the plug E is partiallyturned within its seat, and by this means any portion of the diminishinggroove 6 may be brought opposite the aperture a, so as to regulate thequantity of oil which flows from the reservoir into the tube F.

To allow air to enter the reservoir A and replace the oil as it isconsumed, the plug 0 may be fitted loosely in the opening of thereservoir, or any other means may be adopted to meet this necessity.

I do not limit myself to any particular form or arrangement of theseveral parts, as they may be modified in various ways without departingfrom the essential principle of my invention.

The dispensing with the wick reduces the expense of the lamp andobviates the troublesome attentions and accessories which are incidentto the use of the wick, and the flame produced by this lamp is fully asbrilliant as, if not more brilliant than, that which is produced withthe wick. The face A of the reservoir adjacent to the lamp is polishedor otherwise adapted to constitute a reflectingsurface, which isregarded as a feature of positive novelty and utility.

Instead of one deflector, G, two or more may be placed within the cup Gto increase the heat and enlarge the flame, and the tubes H and H mayhave isolators of any non-conducting substance between them and theirconnection with their base K, so as to cut the heat off from the tube Fand the reservoir.

Having described my invention, the following is what I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A lamp in which the oil is conveyed directly from the lamps reservoirto the flame without the employment of a wick.

2. Regulating the flow of oil to the lampburner by a device locatedwithin the reservoir, substantially as described, so as to preventleakage.

3. The diminishing groove 6 in the plug E, in combination with. theaperture a, for regulating the flow of oil to the conducting-tube F.

4. The burner herein described, the same consisting of the external cup,G, and internal deflector, G, so arranged as to leave an interveningspace, 9, as and for the objects specified.

5. The combination, with the burner G G, of the perforated tubes H H,arranged and employed substantially in the manner and for the purposeset forth.

6. Making the reservoir A with a reflectingsurface, A substantially asdescribed.

G. WV. MITCHELL.

Witnesses:

O. 1). SMITH, J AS. L. EWIN.

